WikiGuida Wikimedia Commons/Sottotitoli EN

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Wikimedia Commons (also simply known as Commons)

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is a project that collects pictures, audio, video

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and other educational and explanatory multimedia resources.

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The files hosted in Commons can be used freely,

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also for commercial purposes, given the respect of the terms of use.

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Brother of Wikipedia, Commons was born in 2004

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as a common repository for the several projects of the Wikimedia Foundation,

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and then evolved as an independent project with its own guidelines.

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In Commons you can find pictures of places and landmarks.

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Animals, plants, minerals.

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Pictures of people, everyday objects, art works.

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And again historical pictures and recordings, and scans of ancient books.

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Schemes, diagrams, graphs and maps,

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Video and audio recordings... and much more.

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In some cases the files are no longer protected by the copyright,

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in other cases, the authors or the copyright holders gave the permission

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to use their materials under some simple conditions,

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such as the attribution, or the release of derivative works under the same license.

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There are more than 7 millions resources in Commons, freely downloadable

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that can be userd for papers, web sites, posters, advertising, art works...

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The resources from Commons can be directly included

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into the pages of Wikipedia and any other Wikimedia project,

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under the respect of the specific project guidelines,

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of the linguistic community the project is aimed for

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and of the law enforced in the country of origin.

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Every file in Commons has its own wiki-page.

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First comes the title, then the multimedia resource

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or its preview, as it happens for very big photographs.

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Then a description follows (often multilingual)

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and all the available information such as the source, the author, the date, the terms of use.

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The history of the file lists all the existing modifications.

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In fact, it's possible to modify and improve the files uploaded by other users.

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There's also a list of the pages of Commons

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and of the other projects of Wikimedia Foundation

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that link or embed the resource.

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At the bottom, there are the categories

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under which the resource has been catalogued.

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The categories are standardized in English,

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but an approximate knowledge of the language is enough to handle them.

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How can you contribute to Commons?

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Those very fond of photography can upload their pictures,

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a good illustrator can add diagrams and animations,

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a musician can upload recordings of free musics.

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Even movies and recordings of theatre plays can be uploaded,

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as long as they are free from any copyright.

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In order to upload files on Commons, you have to be a registered user.

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The registration is for free, quick and unnecessary if...

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...you are already a registered user of another Wikimedia Foundation project.

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It's allowed to upload only resources having a free format.

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As example, the only allowed format for the video is the Ogg Theora.

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Several open-source format converters are available

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than can be freely downloaded and used.

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Every uploaded file must comply with: the law of the United States,

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where the Wikimedia Foundation legally resides;

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the law of the nation where the resource come from;

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the law of the nation of the user, that is held responsible for the uploaded content.

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Then you have to check that you're not infringing

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the laws about the privacy and the trademarks

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or the restrictions posed by some museums about the use of the art works.

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In case of material already published somewhere else under a non-free license,

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the auhtors or the copyright holders have to send an e-mail

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in which they identify themselves and declare their consent

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to the publication of their material under a free license.

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Like Wikipedia, Commons is a wiki, un site open to everybody

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and is managed by voulunteer users from every corner of the world

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that work for identifying and categorizing the material,

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completing or translating the descriptions,

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creating galleries and theme-specific pages,

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finding and deleting the resources having unsuitable sources or licences.

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Commons is a multilingual project:

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a single site hosts all the translated versions

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and the several linguistic communities share the same space.

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For an easier reserach of materials in Commons,

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other than the categories, you can look in the galleries,

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that are pages purposefully created

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for collecting materials about a given topic.

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The discussions about a content take place

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in the discussion page that every resource has,

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while general discussions about Commons take place in a dedicated page.

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The communication is mainly in English,

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but discussion pages in other languages are available as well.

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Per problemi tecnici ci sono a disposizione l'help desk

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e numerose pagine di aiuto, tradotte in varie lingue.

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Per questioni specifiche o particolarmente complesse,

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ci si può rivolgere agli amministratori, che sono dei volontari

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che hanno guadagnato nel tempo la fiducia della comunità

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per la loro conoscenza del progetto e che sono gli unici autorizzati

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ad eseguire alcune operazioni delicate,

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come ad esempio la cancellazione di una risorsa.

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Chi utilizza una risorsa di Commons deve assicurarsi sempre

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di rispettare le leggi del proprio paese di appartenenza.

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Commons non può garantire la liceità

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dell’uso di una risorsa in qualsiasi contesto,

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né la sua assoluta accuratezza e affidabilità.

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Ma è incredibile quanto materiale valido e utilizzabile è stato inserito.

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Sempre più archivi di stato, musei, biblioteche, collezioni private

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effettuano piccole o grandi "donazioni" di materiali

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che diventano così utile patrimonio di tutti.

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Diversi fotografi professionisti pubblicano le loro opere su Commons,

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orgogliosi di vedere il loro lavoro ripreso in mezzo mondo.

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Viene dato spazio anche a illustratori che hanno donato a Commons

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schemi o diagrammi particolarmente efficaci ed eleganti.

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Per il riconoscimento dei lavori di qualità esistono vari meccanismi:

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ad esempio annualmente si tiene un concorso per premiare la foto dell'anno.

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Un'altra selezione sceglie le immagini più belle

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realizzate dagli utenti di Commons

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e un'altra ancora invece premia le immagini più efficaci nel loro genere.

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Quotidianamente viene scelta un'immagine particolarmente interessante

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e la stessa prassi è usata anche per le risorse multimediali.

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Per sostenere finanziamente Commons

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si può fare una donazione alla Wikimedia Foundation,

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oppure si può scegliere di sostenere (anche tramite il 5x1000)

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Wikimedia Italia, un’associazione senza scopo di lucro

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che si occupa di promuovere in Italia

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Commons e gli altri progetti della Wikimedia Foundation.